Archimedes’ principle deals with the forces applied to an object by fluids surrounding it. This applied force reduces the net weight of the object submerged in a fluid. In this article, let us familiarize ourselves with Archimedes’ principle.
Read Pritish Kumar Halder article, in which he discussed Archimedes’ principles, derivations, formulas, and more.
Archimedes’ principle
What is the Archimedes’ Principle?
Archimedes’ principle states that:
“The upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether partially or fully submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces and acts in the upward direction at the center of mass of the displaced fluid”.
The value of thrust force is given by the Archimedes law which Archimedes of Syracuse of Greece discovered. When an object is partially or fully immersed in a liquid, the apparent loss of weight is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it.
Archimedes’ Principle Explanation
Archimedes’ Principle Explanation
If you look at the figure, the weight due to gravity is opposed by the thrust provided by the fluid. The object inside the liquid only feels the total force acting on it as the weight. Because the actual gravitational force is decreased by the liquid’s upthrust, the object feels as though its weight is reduced. The apparent weight is thus given by:
Apparent weight= Weight of object (in the air) – Thrust force (buoyancy)
Archimedes’ principle tells us that the weight loss is equal to the weight of liquid the object displaces.
Archimedes’ Principle Formula
In simple form, the Archimedes law states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Mathematically written as:
Fb = ρ x g x V
Where Fb is the buoyant force, ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the submerged volume, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Archimedes’ Principle Derivation
DERIVATION: Archimedes’ Principle:
We know that the density is defined as
Density(ρ)=(Mass(M))/(Volume(V))
Therefore, the mass of the displaced liquid can be written as follows:
(Mass(M)=Density(ρ)Volume(V))
Now, the weight of the displaced liquid can be calculated as follows:
Weight=Mass × Acceleration due to gravity
Weight=Mass× g=ρ× V× g
From Archimedes’ principle, we know that the apparent loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced therefore the thrust force is given by the following equation:
Thrust Force=ρ× V× g
Where ρ is the density of the liquid, V is the volume of liquid displaced and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
The thrust force is also called the buoyant force because it is responsible for objects floating. Thus, this equation is also called the law of buoyancy.
Archimedes’ Principle Applications
Following are the applications of Archimedes’ principle:
Archimedes’ principle to Submarine
Submarine:
The reason why submarines are always underwater is that they have a component called ballast tank
which allows the water to enter making the submarine be in its position underwater
as the weight of the submarine is greater than the buoyant force.
Hot-air balloon:
Hot-air balloon
The reason why hot-air balloons rise and float in mid-air is because the buoyant force of the hot-air balloon is less than the surrounding air. When the buoyant force of the hot-air balloon is more, it starts to descend. This is done by varying the quantity of hot air in the balloon.
Hydrometer:
A hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the relative density of liquids. Hydrometer consists of lead shots which makes them float vertically on the liquid. The lower the hydrometer sinks, the lesser is the density of the liquid.
Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs
What does Archimedes Principle state?
Archimedes’ principle states that an object submerged in a fluid, fully or partially, experiences an upward buoyant force that is equal in magnitude to the force of gravity on the displaced fluid.
Who discovered the Archimedes’ Principle?
Archimedes’ principle to ships
Greek mathematician Archimedes discovered the Archimedes’ principle.
How does the Archimedes’ principle apply to ships?
Archimedes continued to do more experiments and came up with a buoyancy principle that a ship will float when the weight of the water it displaces equals the weight of the ship and anything will float if it is shaped to displace its own weight of water before it reaches the point where it will submerge.
Where is the Archimedes’ principle used?
Archimedes’ principle is used in the design principle of ships and submarines. Hydrometers are based on the principle of Archimedes.
How can the Archimedes’ Principle be used to determine the density?
The weight of the fluid displaced is equal to the buoyant force on a submerged object. The mass divided by the volume thus determined gives a measure of the average density of the object.
